{"id":55060,"date":"2024-07-23T21:57:10","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T18:57:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/?p=55060"},"modified":"2024-07-23T21:57:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T18:57:11","slug":"anadoluhititler-etiler-ve-sonrasi-hakkinda-kisaca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/?p=55060","title":{"rendered":"ANADOLU\u2026H\u0130T\u0130TLER (ET\u0130LER) ve SONRASI HAKKINDA KISACA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Nusret Karaca\/Tarih Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\/Derlemeleri)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anatolia(Anadolu)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fdu\u011fu yer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Antik Anadolu, Asya’n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131 kesiminde yer alan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye’sinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan  co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karadeniz, Marmara denizi ve Akdenizle \u00e7evrili bir yar\u0131mada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asya ile Avrupa aras\u0131nda uzanm\u0131\u015f bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc gibidir.(K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya-Asia Minor)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lge hakk\u0131nda en eski bilgi, ‘Hattiler \u00dclkesi’ olarak bilinen ve Hititlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Akad Hanedan\u0131n\u0131n (M\u00d6 2334-2083) tabletlerinden gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

IX. ve X. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Volga’dan Orta Avrupa’ya kadar olan geni\u015f alana \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015f (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye = Hazar \u00fclkesi; Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye= Macar \u00fclkesi); XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye de \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu ise XII. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u201d olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu’ya ilk olarak Hun, Sabir, Hazar gibi T\u00fcrk kavimleri ak\u0131nlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IX ve X. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karadeniz’in kuzeyinden Balkanlar’a gelen K\u0131p\u00e7ak, Pe\u00e7enek, Uz adl\u0131 T\u00fcrk kavimleri Anadolu’ya Bizans eliyle ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkler Anadolu’ya Geldi\u011finde Anadolu’da Bizansl\u0131lar, Ermeni, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, S\u00fcryani ve Rumlar bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1048 Pasinler Sava\u015f\u0131 ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1071 Malazgirt Zaferi sonras\u0131 ise Anadolu T\u00fcrk yurdu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hint-Avrupa soyundan olduklar\u0131,M.\u00d6.2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Kafkasya yoluyla Anadolu’ya geldikleri san\u0131lan Hititler “\u00d6n Hitit”  olarak bilinen “Hatti”halk\u0131na kar\u0131\u015farak K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak k\u0131vr\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde ba\u015fkenti Hattu\u015fa\u015f olan yeni bir uygarl\u0131k kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. “Bin Tanr\u0131 \u0130li” olarak bilinir. Temizli\u011fe \u00e7ok \u00f6nem vermi\u015flerdir. Ana Krali\u00e7elerine “Tavannanna”denirdi.Panku\u015f ad\u0131 verilen dan\u0131\u015fma meclisleri bulunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hitit Devleti M.\u00d6.1200 y\u0131l\u0131nda <\/p>\n\n\n\n

deniz kavimleri g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve kuzeyden Ka\u015fka (\u00d7) kavmi sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca Anadolu M.\u00d6.750 tarihine kadar karanl\u0131k bir d\u00f6neme girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M.\u00f6.III.Bin y\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Mezopotamya\u2019da, Yukar\u0131 Dicle b\u00f6lgesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flayan, ve zamanla Eski \u00f6n Asya’ya yay\u0131lan bir kavim vard\u0131. M.\u00d6.VII.Y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren, ve konu\u015ftu\u011fu dil itibariyle filolojik bak\u0131mdan Asya k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011fu kabul edilen bu kavim, bug\u00fcn Eski\u00e7a\u011f Tarihi alan\u0131nda genellikle \u201cHurri\u201d ad\u0131yla isimlendirilmektedir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hurriler M.\u00d6. 1400-1200 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda )Anadolu’nun do\u011fusunda Malatya-Mara\u015f y\u00f6resinde ya\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcmer, Akkad, Hitit, Ugarit ve M\u0131s\u0131r kaynaklar\u0131nda Hurriler hakk\u0131nda bilgiler bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Van g\u00f6l\u00fc ve \u00e7evresinde bu krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devletler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu krall\u0131klar birle\u015ferek Urartu Devleti\u2019ni kurdular.( TU\u015ePA ) Kimmerler Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019dan gelerek bu \u00fclkeyi istila ettiler. Medlerin istilas\u0131yla da varl\u0131klar\u0131 sona erdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urartular yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 y\u0131l boyunca Do\u011fu Anadolu’da \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletin kurucusu I.Sardur’dur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0130leri bir uygarl\u0131\u011fa sahiptiler. \u00c7ivi ve Hiyeroglif(Resim) yaz\u0131lar\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. Mimarl\u0131kta da \u00fcst d\u00fczeydeydiler. Maden i\u015fletmelerinde ve sanat yap\u0131mlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nce Kafkasya’dan gelen Kimmer, daha sonra Saka(\u0130skit) ak\u0131nlar\u0131yla sars\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M.\u00d6.600’lerde Medler’in(\u0130ran’da) Anadolu’yu istil\u00e2 sonras\u0131nda Urartu Devleti’nin hakimiyeti sona erdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130onyal\u0131lar  bu uygarl\u0131ktan yararland\u0131lar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u015fkilerle(+)  birle\u015ferek M.\u00d6.1200<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hititleri y\u0131kan Frigler ilk \u00f6nce Sakarya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Irma\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresine, ard\u0131ndan bat\u0131da Gediz ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes\u2019in yukar\u0131 vadileri ile do\u011fuda K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak ve Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc y\u00f6resine yerle\u015ftiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fkentleri Gordion’du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Friglerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Burdur G\u00f6l\u00fc, Erciyes Yaylas\u0131 ve Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak vadisine kadar ilerlediler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Frigler tar\u0131ma \u00f6nem verdiler. Ceza kanunlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. M\u00fczikle de ilgilendiler. Hitit sanat\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc benimsediler. Tanr\u0131ca Kybele onlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemliydi. \u2018\u2019Tapis \u201c ad\u0131 verilen kilimler onlara aitti. Arada Lidya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Frig ve Yunan d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 birbirine ayr\u0131 kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antik \u00c7a\u011f’da Frigya  yerlilerince kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Frig k\u00fcl\u00e2h\u0131 yumu\u015fak, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli,\u00f6ne do\u011fru k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131,koni bi\u00e7iminde bir ba\u015fl\u0131kt\u0131r.Donat\u0131, heykel, resim ve karikat\u00fcrde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n simgesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frigya Devleti’nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Karadeniz’in kuzeyinden gelen Kimmerler son verdi.M.O.600’lerde Lidya egemenli\u011fine girdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lidyal\u0131lar ise Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da ba\u015fkent Sard olmak \u00fczere bir devlet kurdular. Hint-Avrupasal bir halk de\u011fillerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karyal\u0131lar,Giritliler ve Lidyal\u0131larla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 \u00e7ok eskilerde. K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak ( Halis ) tan Ege Denizi\u2019ne kadar geni\u015flediler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Gediz ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes nehirleri aras\u0131nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren Lidyal\u0131lar Giges zaman\u0131nda ba\u015fkent Sard’dan ba\u015flayan Kral Yolu\u2019nu yapt\u0131lar ve Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ticaretini geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sard’\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat merkezi haline getirdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0130onya\u2019y\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutamad\u0131lar ama Yunan Kolonilerini ele ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paray\u0131 bularak takas usul\u00fcne son verdiler. Roma\u2019y\u0131 kuran Etr\u00fcskler Anadolu\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Lidyal\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M.\u00d6. 5\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l (Yunan tarih\u00e7isi Herodotos, Etr\u00fcsklerin Lidya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Krallar\u0131 Krez\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn (Karun) zenginli\u011fi dillere destand\u0131. \u0130onya \u0130zmir ile B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes nehri aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinin ad\u0131d\u0131r.\u0130onyal\u0131lar Ege\u2019de \u015fehir devletleri halinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.12 \u015eehir devleti.Efes,Milet,Fo\u00e7a,\u0130zmir en \u00f6nemlileridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M.\u00d6.VII.Y.y\u0131lda Lidya egemenli\u011fine giren \u015fehir devletleri daha sonra Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Helenistan\u2019da ge\u00e7inemeyen halk ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar.G\u00f6\u00e7ler iki dalga halinde olur. Gelenlere Kimmerler , Akha\u2019lar , Argoslular deniliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Helen ad\u0131 ise Anavatan’da kalanlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Helenler \u0130onlar\u2019la kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u0130on leh\u00e7esi en eksi Grek Leh\u00e7esidir. \u0130on ad\u0131 ise Grek\u00e7e de\u011fildir. Anadolulu bir dildendir. \u0130onyaTarih ,felsefe, edebiyat, matematik alan\u0131nda bilim adamlar\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygarl\u0131\u011fa imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131pta Hipokrat, tarihte Herodot, felsefe ‘de Diyojen, matematikte Pisagor, Tales gibi bilim insanlar\u0131 yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019da. Onlar\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc d\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihinin en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6nemidir. Eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri hep Do\u011fu\u2019da \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck \u0130onya\u2019l\u0131lar sayesinde ilk kez Bat\u0131\u2019ya kay\u0131yordu. Ancak IX-XIII.y.y daki \u0130slam R\u00f6nesans\u0131 ile Bat\u0131 yine bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Do\u011fu\u2019ya kapt\u0131rsa da Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu uygarl\u0131klar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da Karya ve Likya…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karya-Karia: G\u00fcney bat\u0131 Anadolu..Mu\u011fla ili nin Kuzeyi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00d6 2. biny\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00fcneybat\u0131 Anadolu’da(Mu\u011fla ilinin kuzeyi).varl\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen uzun s\u00fcre Saint Jean \u015f\u00f6valyelerinin elinde kalan,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015f kavim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fkentleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Mylasa’da iken, M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Mausolus taraf\u0131ndan Halikarnassos’a(Bodrum) ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ancak Mylasa \u00f6nemini korumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk kad\u0131n amiral I.Artemisia Karyal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Likya: M.\u00d6. 15-14. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan M.\u00d6. 546’ya kadar Anadolu’nun Teke Yar\u0131madas\u0131’nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015f  bir uygarl\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Hititler Lukka derlerdi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u015f\u0131k \u00fclkesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siteler halinde ya\u015fay\u0131p ilk  cumhuriyetin kurucusu say\u0131larak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz demokrasilerine esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan (fikir veren)bir uygarl\u0131k konumunda oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                ***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(+) Mu\u015fkiler, Demir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Anadolu’da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, Kafkasyadan gelmi\u015f bir halkt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u00d7) Ka\u015fka( Ka\u015fkalar)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuzey Anadolu’da (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiyede), K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak nehrinin a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinde, Hitit imparatorlu\u011funa s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olan kavim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(*) Kaynaklar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(*) E\u011fitim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ders Kitaplar\u0131,Ders Notlar\u0131m ve Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Kaynaklar \u0130skender Ohri (Anadolu’nun \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc-1983),Niyazi Ak\u015fit,Emin Oktay,T\u00fcrk Tarih Vakf\u0131 Uygarl\u0131k.Tarihi),Tarih S\u00f6yle\u015fileri.Belleten Tarih Vakf\u0131,Cumhuriyet,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DergiPark,Anatolia-D\u00fcnya Tarihi Ansiklopedisi, Anadolu Tarihi,arkoenews Tarih- 1993\/Ankara-T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131mevi-Komisyon\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

93.06.Y.0002.1207<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Nusret Karaca\/Tarih Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\/Derlemeleri) … Anatolia(Anadolu) G\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fdu\u011fu yer. Antik Anadolu, Asya’n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131 kesiminde yer alan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye’sinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan  co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgedir. Karadeniz, Marmara…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":183146481,"featured_media":55062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"iawp_total_views":150,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[1063],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0-7-6.jpeg?fit=820%2C634&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pbQYQO-ek4","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/183146481"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55060"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55060\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55066,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55060\/revisions\/55066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/55062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}