{"id":75862,"date":"2025-05-25T22:42:36","date_gmt":"2025-05-25T19:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/?p=75862"},"modified":"2025-05-25T22:42:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T19:42:38","slug":"prof-dr-berna-moranin-edebiyat-kuramlari-ve-elestiri-kitabi-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/?p=75862","title":{"rendered":"Prof. Dr. Berna Moran’\u0131n “Edebiyat Kuramlar\u0131 ve Ele\u015ftiri” Kitab\u0131 \u00dczerine…"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00dcmit Gezgin <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof. Dr. Berna Moran<\/strong>‘\u0131n “Edebiyat Kuramlar\u0131 ve Ele\u015ftiri” kitab\u0131, ba\u015fucu kitaplar\u0131ndan biri olarak hayat\u0131mda yerini alm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor.. zaman zaman d\u00f6ner d\u00f6ner okurum.. yine yan\u0131mda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m kitaplardan biridir bu kitap.. bir\u00e7ok kitap ta\u015f\u0131r\u0131m yan\u0131mda sanata dair.. romanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ele\u015ftiri ve deneme kitaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Edebiyat Kuramlar\u0131 ve Ele\u015ftiri kitab\u0131 yine \u00f6nemli kitaplardan biridir benim i\u00e7in… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Her kitap \u00f6\u011fretici ve kal\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir insan hayat\u0131nda.. baz\u0131 kitaplar da \u00f6zellikle d\u00f6ne d\u00f6ne okumak istedi\u011finiz kitaplardand\u0131r.. onlar\u0131 ara verseniz de yine d\u00f6ner okumaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.. zaten ben okudu\u011fum kitaptan s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131mda ba\u015fka kitaba ge\u00e7erim ve sonra yine d\u00f6ner o kitab\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m yerden okumaya devam ederim.. \u00f6yle y\u00fczlerce kitap vard\u0131r, ba\u015flay\u0131p bitirmeden b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m.. sayfa aralar\u0131nda hep ayra\u00e7lar vard\u0131r benim okudu\u011fum kitaplar\u0131n.. bazen aylar ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bitmemi\u015f, hatta unutmu\u015fumdur o kitab\u0131.. \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc araya ba\u015fka kitaplar girmi\u015ftir.. baz\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 elimde oldu\u011fu halde tekrar sat\u0131n al\u0131p okumaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.. Salah Birsel<\/strong>‘in baz\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 b\u00f6yledir.. okuna okuna y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f o kitaplar, mesela Halley Kimi Kurtar\u0131r deneme kitab\u0131.. sonra tekrar o kitab\u0131n yeni bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 veya sahaflarda daha sa\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p, en ba\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okurken mutlaka be\u011fendi\u011fim sat\u0131rlar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerim.. yanlar\u0131na notlar d\u00fc\u015fme gibi bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m yoktur ama.. \u00f6nemsedi\u011fim yerlerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerim ve sonras\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda onlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r\u0131m.. kitaplar\u0131n beni besledi\u011fini, ufkumu a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bana yeni yarat\u0131c\u0131 heyecanlar verdi\u011fini bilirim ve bu y\u00fczden de kitaps\u0131z bir ya\u015fama bi\u00e7imini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemem.. kitap okuyan insanlar\u0131n da her \u015feyi daha kolay \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fini, daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilece\u011fini, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse kararlar\u0131nda daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yarg\u0131lara varabileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.. Berna Moran<\/strong>‘\u0131n Edebiyat Kuramlar\u0131 ve Ele\u015ftiri kitab\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk roman\u0131 \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneme-ara\u015ft\u0131rma kitaplar\u0131 da benim i\u00e7in ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 ve faydal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.. resmin yan\u0131nda edebiyat\u0131n \u00f6nemli u\u011fra\u015f alanlar\u0131ndan oldu\u011funu bilirim… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanat nedir?’le ba\u015flar kitap.. ve Berna Moran<\/strong>, bu soruya Bat\u0131’da farkl\u0131 cevaplar verildi\u011fini, s\u00f6yler.. bir “yans\u0131tma”, “benzetme” hi\u00e7 de\u011filse “taklit” oldu\u011funu, yani b\u00f6yle alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6yler sanat olay\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7inde… Ve Platon<\/strong>‘un Devlet diyalo\u011fundan \u00f6rnekle devam eder yaz\u0131s\u0131na.. Sokrates,<\/strong> Glaukon’a ressam\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi anlatma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, “istersen bir ayna al eline, d\u00f6rt bir yana tut. Bir anda yapt\u0131n gitti g\u00fcne\u015fi, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyay\u0131, kendini.. evin b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131, bitkileri, b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131” diyerek cevap verir… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Berna Moran<\/strong>, sanat\u0131 bir yans\u0131tma olarak g\u00f6rmek y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu devam etmi\u015f ve zaman\u0131m\u0131za kadar da gelmi\u015ftir, diyor.. sonra “ayna” benzetmesinin \u00e7ok eski bir benzetme oldu\u011funu, yaz\u0131yor.. Lucas de Heere, <\/strong>on alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda Van Dyck’<\/strong>\u0131n resimlerini \u00f6verken diyor ki, ‘Bunlar ayna, evet resim de\u011fil ayna bunlar’.. Leonardo da Vinci <\/strong>de resimle ayna aras\u0131ndaki benzeyi\u015fe i\u015faret eder: “E\u011fer yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z resmin, do\u011fada konu olarak se\u00e7ti\u011finiz nesnelere tam benzeyip benzemedi\u011fini anlamak istiyorsan\u0131z bir ayna al\u0131n ve bu nesnelerin orada nas\u0131l yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakarak aynada g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc resminizle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n..” Evet, bunlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor Berna Moran… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geni\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yorum kitab\u0131 Edebiyat Kuramlar\u0131 ve Ele\u015ftiri <\/strong>kitab\u0131. herkesin yazabilece\u011fi t\u00fcrden bir kitap de\u011fil.. sadece ara\u015ft\u0131rma da de\u011fil.. \u00e7ok kaynak taramak b\u00f6yle bir kitap yazmak i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fil.. sanata, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye, edebiyata, bilime y\u00f6n veren \u00e7ok fazla kitap yok d\u00fcnyada.. bu kitap da sadece T\u00fcrkiye’de de\u011fil, asl\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada da \u00f6nemli ufuk a\u00e7acak kitaplardan biri.. kuramlar\u0131n var olanlar\u0131n hemen hepsine do\u011fru ve tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, analiz ederek de\u011finmi\u015f.. mant\u0131kl\u0131, makul ve yeni yorumlar getirmi\u015f..sanat\u0131n hala yo\u011fun olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n “Ayna” metaforuna uygun olmas\u0131 ne kadar ilgin\u00e7.. asl\u0131nda bu ayn\u0131 zamanda genel toplumsal be\u011feninin alt d\u00fczeylerde oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6steriyor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu sadece resim sanat\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, Sokrates<\/strong> \u015fairin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bir yans\u0131tma, benzetme olarak niteliyordu.. Yunan \u015fairi Simonides, <\/strong>“Resim sessiz bir \u015fiir, \u015fiir konu\u015fan bir resimdir” demi\u015ftir… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine kitapta, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyay\u0131, buradaki nesneleri, insanlar\u0131, elinden geldi\u011fince onlara sad\u0131k kalarak yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ya da yans\u0131tmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131r bu kuram.. kuramlar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, \u00f6rnek verir, kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve yarg\u0131lar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirir… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

58. sayfada \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir Berna Moran<\/strong>: Lucas’<\/strong>\u0131n \u015funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fini yazar: “Sanat \u00f6nemli olan\u0131 tutmak, \u00f6nemsizi b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r.” \u015eunu da yazar Moran, “Bir insan\u0131n bir saatlik hayat\u0131n\u0131 bile b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ile anlatmaya kalk\u0131\u015fsak ciltler tutabilir..” zaten bunun i\u00e7in Lucas’<\/strong>\u0131 hakl\u0131 g\u00f6recek \u015fekilde.. sanat\u0131n \u00f6nemli olan\u0131 tutmak oldu\u011funu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.. zaten \u00f6yle de\u011fil midir.. sanat i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00f6nemli olan\u0131 kavramak, anlamak ve dile getirmektir.. ressam i\u00e7in de \u00f6yledir.. her \u015fairin nas\u0131l kendine g\u00f6re bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 g\u00f6rme, alg\u0131lama bi\u00e7imi varsa.. ressam i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli olan \u015feyin kendi \u00fcslubu i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyay\u0131 g\u00f6rme ve \u00e7izme bi\u00e7imidir… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Eserin anlam\u0131 yazar\u0131n kastetti\u011fi anlam m\u0131d\u0131r, yoksa okurun eserden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam m\u0131? Bu konuda da farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ileri s\u00fcrer Berna Moran..<\/strong>ger\u00e7ekten de bazen yazar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r, okurun veya s\u00f6z konusu olan resim, tabloysa, izleyicinin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam, estetik haz ve bakma bi\u00e7imi farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r.. bu boyutlar\u0131yla bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda izleyici veya okuyucunun eserden beklentisi farkl\u0131.. yazar\u0131n veya ressam\u0131n istek ve beklentisi ba\u015fkad\u0131r.. sonu\u00e7ta yazar da bir okurdur, hatta kendi eseri s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bile.. keza ressam da eseri bitirdikten sonra bir izleyicidir… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

167. sayfada Berna Moran, <\/strong>“Bi\u00e7im, eserde yer alan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6gelerin birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131p \u00f6r\u00fclerek meydana getirdikleri d\u00fczendir.” demektedir.. bu hem \u015fiir i\u00e7in hem de resim ve di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn sanatlar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.. b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6geler bi\u00e7imin \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda erir ve b\u00fct\u00fcne erer.. b\u00f6ylece de yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir sanat ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.. bi\u00e7im olmadan \u00f6z de kendisini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karamaz… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok filozof art\u0131k sanat\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmaktan vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.. sanat onlara g\u00f6re art\u0131k tan\u0131mlanamaz.. ortaya birtak\u0131m eserler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar konulur ve bunlar “sanat” olarak nitelendirilir.. \u00f6zg\u00fcn olmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 da olmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur.. giderek.. sanat yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n da art\u0131k pek bir anlam\u0131 yoktur… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ufkumuzu geli\u015ftiren bir yap\u0131t ortaya koymu\u015ftur Berna Moran<\/strong>.. Edebiyat Kuramlar\u0131 ve Ele\u015ftiri kitab\u0131, okuduk\u00e7a yeni ke\u015fifler de do\u011furacak bir kitap olarak duruyor kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dcmit Gezgin Prof. Dr. Berna Moran‘\u0131n “Edebiyat Kuramlar\u0131 ve Ele\u015ftiri” kitab\u0131, ba\u015fucu kitaplar\u0131ndan biri olarak hayat\u0131mda yerini alm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor.. zaman zaman d\u00f6ner d\u00f6ner okurum.. yine…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":183146481,"featured_media":75863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"iawp_total_views":77,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1063],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_8212-rotated.jpg?fit=3024%2C4032&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pbQYQO-jJA","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/183146481"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=75862"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75887,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75862\/revisions\/75887"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/75863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=75862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=75862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanattasarimgazetesi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=75862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}